Approach: Because we know that 'nums' contains 'n' numbers and that it is missing
exactly one number in the range [0..n-1], we can infer that 'n' definitely replaces the missing
number in nums.
Therefore, if we initialize an integer to 'n' and XOR it with every
index and value, we will be left with the missing number.
Validations: Any left parenthesis '(' must have a corresponding right parenthesis
')' Any right parenthesis ')' must have a corresponding left parenthesis '('
Left parenthesis '(' must go before the corresponding right parenthesis ')' '*'
could be treated as a single right parenthesis ')' or a single left parenthesis '(' or an empty
string An empty string is also valid.